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Present Education a Falicitatre

1)With its plurality and paradoxes, India never ceases to fascinate. And education in India
is only one among various other elements that have captured the attention of the world
While the United Nations is worried about the presence of a large number of illiterates,
various other countries are amazed by the quality of some of the human resources that the
Indian education system has produced.
2) The growth of the Indian economy in the recent past and the compulsion to sustain it is
also forcing the Indian government to accelerate the process of developing all the
branches of the Indian education system. Therefore, it would be very interesting to
understand and analyze the various structures of education in India, its present condition
and future developments.
3) Under theGurukul system, young boys who were passing through theBrahmacharya
stage of life had to stay at theGuru or the teacher's home and complete their education.
Although the ancient system of education has produced many geniuses and still a major
area of research
4) t was hardly egalitarian. Women and people of lower castes gradually lost their right to
educate themselves
5) But it is the English language and the reformation movements of the 19th century that
had the most liberating effect in pre-independent India. Thus, the Britishers, although
rightly criticized for devastating the Indian economy, can also be credited for bringing a
revolution in the Indian education system.
6) India has made a huge progress in terms of increasing primary education attendance
rate and expandingli tera cy to approximately two thirds of the population.[1] India's
improved education system is often cited as one of the main contributors to theecono mic
rise of India.[2] Much of the progress in education has been credited to various private institutions.[3] The private education market in India is estimated to be worth $40 billion
in 2008 and will increase to $68 billion by 2012
7) As of 2007, there are 1522 degree-granting engineering colleges in India with an
annual student intake of 582,000[6], plus 1,244 polytechnics with an annual intake of
265,000. However, these institutions face shortage of faculty and concerns have been
raised over the quality of education

INDIA Video Education

Education in India has a history stretching back to the ancient urban centres
of learning at Taxila and Nalanda. The Nalanda University was the oldest
university-system of education in the world. Western education became ingrained
into Indian society with the establishment of the British Raj. Education in India
falls under the control of both the Union Government and the states, with some
responsibilities lying with the Union and the states having autonomy for others.
The various articles of the Indian Constitution provide for education as a
fundamental right. Most universities in India are Union or State Government
controlled.


India has made a huge progress in terms of increasing primary education
attendance rate and expanding literacy to approximately two thirds of the
population.India's improved education system is often cited as one of the main
contributors to the economic rise of India.Much of the progress in education has
been credited to various private institutions.The private education market in India
is estimated to be worth $40 billion in 2008 and will increase to $68 billion by
2012.However, India continues to face challenges. Despite growing investment in
education, 35% of the population is illiterate and only 15% of the students reach
high school.As of 2008, India's post-secondary high schools offer only enough
seats for 7% of India's college-age population, 25% of teaching positions
nationwide are vacant, and 57% of college professors lack either a master's or PhD
degree.As of 2007, there are 1522 degree-granting engineering colleges in India.



with an annual student intake of 582,000,plus 1,244 polytechnics with an annual
intake of 265,000. However, these institutions face shortage of faculty and
concerns have been raised over the quality of education.

A multilingual web portal on Primary Education is available with rich
multimedia content for children and forums to discuss on the Educational issues.
India Development Gateway Primary Educationis a nationwide initiative that
seeks to facilitate rural empowerment through provision of responsive information,
products and services in local languages.
Three Indian universities were listed in the Times Higher Education list of the world’s top 200 universities — Indian Institutes of Technology, Indian Institutes of Management, and Jawaharlal Nehru University in 2005 and 2006.Six
Indian Institutes of Technology and the Birla Institute of Technology and Science -
Pilani were listed among the top 20 science and technology schools in Asia by
Asiaweek.The Indian School of Business situated in Hyderabad was ranked
number 12 in global MBA rankings by the Financial Times ofLondon in 2010
while the All India Institute of Medical Sciences has been recognized as a global
leader in medical research and treatment.

Indian Video-MANTAHAMA GANDHI

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (2 October 1869– 30 January 1948) was the pre-
eminent political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence
movement. He pioneered satyagraha—resistance to tyranny through mass civil
disobedience, a philosophy firmly founded upon ahimsa or total nonviolence—
which helped India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and
freedom across the world. Gandhi is commonly known around the world as
Mahatma Gandhi and in India also as Bapu. He is officially honoured in India as
the Father of the Nation; his birthday, 2 October, is commemorated there as
Gandhi Jayanti, a national holiday, and worldwide as the International Day of
Non-Violence.


Gandhi first employed non-violent civil disobedience while an expatriate lawyer in
South Africa, during the resident Indian community's struggle there for civil rights.
After his return to India in 1915, he organized protests by peasants, farmers, and
urban labourers concerning excessive land-tax and discrimination. After assuming
leadership of the Indian National Congress in 1921, Gandhi led nationwide
campaigns to ease poverty, expand women's rights, build religious and ethnic
amity, end untouchability, and increase economic self-reliance. Above all, he
aimed to achieve Swaraj or the independence of India from foreign domination.
Gandhi famously led his followers in the Non-cooperation movement that
protested the British-imposed salt tax with the 400 km (240 mi) Dandi Salt March
in 1930. Later, in 1942, he launched the Quit India civil disobedience movement
demanding immediate independence for India. Gandhi spent a number of years in
jail in both South Africa and India.
As a practitioner of ahimsa, he swore to speak the truth and advocated that
others do the same. Gandhi lived modestly in a self-sufficient residential
community and wore the traditional Indian dhoti and shawl, woven with yarn he
had hand spun himself. He ate simple vegetarian food, experimented for a time
with a fruitarian diet, and undertook long fasts as a means of both self-
purification and social protest.
Early Years
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (1869-1948), also known as Mahatma Gandhi,
was born in Porbandar in the present day state of Gujarat in India on October 2,
1869. He was raised in a very conservative family that had affiliations with the
ruling family of Kathiawad. He was educated in law at University College, London
. In 1891, after having been admitted to the British bar, Gandhi returned to India
and attempted to establish a law practice in Bombay, without much success. Two
years later an Indian firm with interests in South Africa retained him as legal
adviser in its office in Durban. Arriving in Durban, Gandhi found himself treated as

a member of an inferior race. He was appalled at the widespread denial of civil
liberties and political rights to Indian immigrants to South Africa. He threw himself
into the struggle for elementary rights for Indians.
See Also: Parentage and Childhood from Gandhi's autobiography Resistance to Injustice Gandhi remained in South Africa for twenty years, suffering imprisonment many
times. In 1896, after being attacked and humiliated by white South Africans,
Gandhi began to teach a policy of passive resistance to, and non-cooperation
with, the South African authorities. Part of the inspiration for this policy came
from the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, whose influence on Gandhi was profound.
Gandhi also acknowledged his debt to the teachings of Christ and to the 19th-
century American writer Henry David Thoreau, especially to Thoreau's famous
essay "Civil Disobedience." Gandhi considered the terms passive resistance and
civil disobedience inadequate for his purposes, however, and coined another
term, Satyagraha (from Sanskrit, "truth and firmness"). During the Boer War,
Gandhi organized an ambulance corps for the British army and commanded a Red
Cross unit. After the war he returned to his campaign for Indian rights. In 1910, he
founded Tolstoy Farm, near Durban, a cooperative colony for Indians. In 1914 the
government of the Union of South Africa made important concessions to Gandhi's
demands, including recognition of Indian marriages and abolition of the poll tax
for them. His work in South Africa complete, he returned to India.
Campaign for Home Rule Gandhi became a leader in a complex struggle, the Indian campaign for home rule. Following World War I, in which he played an active part in recruiting campaigns, Gandhi, again advocating Satyagraha, launched his movement ofnon-violent resistance to Great Britain. When, in 1919, Parliament passed the Rowlatt Acts, giving the.

India Video India Video 2010 Indian colonial authorities emergency powers to deal with so-called revolutionary
activities, Satyagraha spread throughout India, gaining millions of followers. A
demonstration against the Rowlatt Acts resulted in a massacre of Indians at
Amritsar by British soldiers; in 1920, when the British government failed to make
amends, Gandhi proclaimed an organized campaign of non-cooperation. Indians
in public office resigned, government agencies such as courts of law were
boycotted, and Indian children were withdrawn from government schools.
Throughout India, streets were blocked by squatting Indians who refused to rise
even when beaten by police. Gandhi was arrested, but the British were soon
forced to release him.
Economic independence for India, involving the complete boycott of British
goods, was made a corollary of Gandhi's Swaraj (from Sanskrit, "self-governing")
movement. The economic aspects of the movement were significant, for the
exploitation of Indian villagers by British industrialists had resulted in extreme
poverty in the country and the virtual destruction of Indian home industries. As a
remedy for such poverty, Gandhi advocated revival of cottage industries; he
began to use a spinning wheel as a token of the return to the simple village life he
preached, and of the renewal of native Indian industries.
Gandhi became the international symbol of a free India. He lived a spiritual and
ascetic life of prayer, fasting, and meditation. His union with his wife became, as
he himself stated, that of a brother and sister. Refusing earthly possessions, he
wore the loincloth and shawl of the lowliest Indian and subsisted on vegetables,
fruit juices, and goat's milk. Indians revered him as a saint and began to call him
Mahatma (great-souled), a title reserved for the greatest sages. Gandhi's
advocacy of nonviolence, known as ahimsa (non-violence), was the expression of
a way of life implicit in the Hindu religion. By the Indian practice of nonviolence,
Gandhi held, Great Britain too would eventually consider violence useless and
would leave India.
The Mahatma's political and spiritual hold on India was so great that the British
authorities dared not interfere with him. In 1921 the Indian National Congress,
the group that spearheaded the movement for nationhood, gave Gandhi
complete executive authority, with the right of naming his own successor. The
Indian population, however, could not fully comprehend the unworldly ahimsa. A
series of armed revolts against the British broke out, culminating in such violence
that Gandhi confessed the failure of the civil-disobedience campaign he had
called, and ended it. The British government again seized and imprisoned him in
1922.
After his release from prison in 1924, Gandhi withdrew from active politics and
devoted himself to propagating communal unity. Unavoidably, however, he was
again drawn into the vortex of the struggle for independence. In 1930 the
Mahatma proclaimed a new campaign of civil disobedience, calling upon the
Indian population to refuse to pay taxes, particularly the tax on salt. The campaign
was a march to the sea, in which thousands of Indians followed Gandhi from
Ahmedabad to the Arabian Sea, where they made salt by evaporating sea water.
Once more the Indian leader was arrested, but he was released in 1931, halting
the campaign after the British made concessions to his demands. In the same year
Gandhi represented the Indian National Congress at a conference in LondoN.
Gandhi takes on Domestic Problems In 1932, Gandhi began new civil-disobedience campaigns against the British.
Arrested twice, the Mahatma fasted for long periods several times; these fasts
were effective measures against the British, because revolution might well have
broken out in India if he had died.
Smiling Gandhi Photograph by V.N. O'key, circa 1945 In September 1932, while in jail, Gandhi undertook a "fast unto death" to improve
the status of the Hindu Untouchables. The British, by permitting the Untouchables
to be considered as a separate part of the Indian electorate, were, according to
Gandhi, countenancing an injustice. Although he was himself a member of an
upper caste, Gandhi was the great leader of the movement in India dedicated to
eradicating the unjust social and economic aspects of the caste system.
In 1934 Gandhi formally resigned from politics, being replaced as leader of the
Congress party by Jawaharlal Nehru. Gandhi traveled through India, teaching
ahimsa and demanding eradication of "untouchability." The esteem in which he
was held was the measure of his political power. So great was this power that the.

imited home rule granted by the British in 1935 could not be implemented until
Gandhi approved it. A few years later, in 1939, he again returned to active
political life because of the pending federation of Indian principalities with the
rest of India. His first act was a fast, designed to force the ruler of the state of
Rajkot to modify his autocratic rule. Public unrest caused by the fast was so great
that the colonial government intervened; the demands were granted. The
Mahatma again became the most important political figure in India.

Man of Firm Step Independence for India When World War II broke out, the Congress party and Gandhi demanded a
declaration of war aims and their application to India. As a reaction to the
unsatisfactory response from the British, the party decided not to support Britain
in the war unless the country were granted complete and immediate
independence. The British refused, offering compromises that were rejected.
When Japan entered the war, Gandhi still refused to agree to Indian participatio

Indian Video dance

Dance in India covers a wide range of dance and dance theatre forms, from the ancient classical or temple dance to folk and modern styles. Three best-known hindu deities, Shiva, Kali and Krishna, are typically
represented dancing. There are hundreds of Indian folk dances such as Bhangra,
Garba and special dances observed in regional festivals. India offers a number of
classical Indian dance forms, each of which can be traced to different parts of the
country. The presentation of Indian dance styles in film, Bollywood, has exposed
the range of dance in India to a global audience.
Each form represents the culture and ethos of a particular region or a group
of people. The criteria for being considered as classical is the style's adherence to
the guidelines laid down in Natyashastra by the sage Bharata Muni, which explains
the Indian art of acting. Acting or natya is a broad concept which encompasses
both drama and dance.
Indian classical dance is a misnomer, as actually dance refers to natya, the
sacred Hindu musical theatre styles. Its theory can be traced back to the Natya
Shastra of Bharata Muni (400 BC). The Sangeet Natak Akademi currently confer.



India Video India Video 2010 classical status on eight "dance" forms. Those who worship Vishnu are considered
Vaishnavas. The dance style performed by Sri Krishna (an avatar of Vishnu) and
the gopis in Vrindavan is called rasa-lila, and is considered as a form of devotional
dance. Many other Indian classical dances are used to illustrate events from the
Puranas related to or describing Vishnu.
Dance in early Bollywood films, was primarily modelled on classical Indian
dance styles and particularly those of historic northern Indian courtesans (tawaif),
or folk dances. Modern films often blend this earlier style with Western dance
styles (MTV or in Broadway musicals), though it is not unusual to see Western pop
and adapted classical dance numbers side by side in the same film. The hero or
heroine will often perform with a troupe of supporting dancers. Many song-and-
dance routines in Indian films feature unrealistically instantaneous shifts of
location and/or changes of costume between verses of a song. If the hero and
heroine dance and sing a pas de deux (a French ballet term, meaning "dance of
two") often staged in beautiful natural surroundings or architecturally grand
settings, referred to as a "picturisation".
They also do Bollywood dancing. Bollywood films have always used what
are now called "item numbers". A physically attractive female character (the "item
girl"), often completely unrelated to the main cast and plot of the film, performs a
catchy song and dance number in the film. In older films, the "item number" may
be performed by a courtesan (tawaif) dancing for a rich client or as part of a
cabaret show. The dancer Helen was famous for her cabaret numbers. In modern
films, item numbers may be inserted as discotheque sequences, dancing at
celebrations, or as stage shows.
Bollywood producers now release music videos, usually featuring a song
from the film. However, some promotional videos feature a song which is not
included in the movie.